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− | Protamines are proteins derived from the sperm or testes of salmon or related fish. They are added<ref> |
+ | [[Image:Humulin_n.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Humulin N, an isophane insulin suspended with protamine.]]Protamines are proteins derived from the sperm or testes of salmon or related fish. They are added <ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070210112022/http://www.jcaai.org/pp/anaph_17_protamine.asp |publisher=Journal Allergy & Clinical Immunology |year=1998|title=The Diagnosis and Management of Anaphylaxis - Protamine}}</ref> are added to [[insulin]]s [[NPH]] Neutral Protamine Hagedorn and [[PZI]] protamine zinc to delay their [[absorption]]. |
− | The difference between [[isophane]]/[[NPH]] insulins and [[PZI]] insulins is the amount of protamine used; there is more in [[PZI]] than in [[NPH]]/[[isophane]] insulins. |
+ | The difference between [[isophane]]/[[NPH]] insulins and [[PZI]] insulins is the amount of protamine used; there is more in [[PZI]] than in [[NPH]]/[[isophane]] insulins. It's the extra protamine which makes the PZI a [[slow-acting]] insulin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://images1.wikia.nocookie.net/diabetesindogs/images/4/42/2010_T35-greco-western-2010.pdf|title=Treating Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs and Cats|author=Greco, Deborah|publisher=Western Veterinary Conference|year=2010}}</ref> |
− | The basis of [[absorption]] of any insulins containing protamine<ref> |
+ | The basis of [[absorption]] of any insulins containing protamine <ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20060515081517/http://www.diabetic-help.com/kANIMINS2.txt|title=Textbook of Endocrinology, 4th edition|year=1968|author=Williams, Robert|publisher= W. B. Saunders}}</ref> is the breakdown of this protein by proteolytic enzymes <ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolytic_enzyme |publisher=Wikipedia|title=Proteolytic Enzymes}}</ref> or proteases in the body. Only after this is accomplished can the insulin itself be absorbed. More protamine in the [[suspension]] means insulin absorption will be delayed longer; less protamine means the insulin will act faster. |
− | Protamine, like insulin itself, is a protein. |
+ | Protamine, like insulin itself, is a protein. In the case of [[Regulation difficulties|antibody]] formation, it is possible that the insulin itself is not the cause of them; the proteins present in the [[suspension]], such as protamine, may be. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071117211132/http://www.vetsulin.com/Veterinarian/ProblemRegulation.html#Antibodies |title=Problems With Regulation of Diabetes Mellitus-Antibodies|publisher=Intervet}}</ref> In this case, changing the type of [[suspension]] would solve the problem. |
Protamine has other medical uses as well. |
Protamine has other medical uses as well. |
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− | See also [[suspension]]. |
+ | See also [[suspension]]. [[Image:I16.gif]] |
==References== |
==References== |
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<references/> |
<references/> |
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[[Category: Insulins]] |
[[Category: Insulins]] |
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[[Category:Terms]] |
[[Category:Terms]] |
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+ | [[Category:Content]] |
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+ | [[Category:Insulin Terms]] |
Latest revision as of 23:22, 23 May 2012
Protamines are proteins derived from the sperm or testes of salmon or related fish. They are added [1] are added to insulins NPH Neutral Protamine Hagedorn and PZI protamine zinc to delay their absorption.
The difference between isophane/NPH insulins and PZI insulins is the amount of protamine used; there is more in PZI than in NPH/isophane insulins. It's the extra protamine which makes the PZI a slow-acting insulin.[2]
The basis of absorption of any insulins containing protamine [3] is the breakdown of this protein by proteolytic enzymes [4] or proteases in the body. Only after this is accomplished can the insulin itself be absorbed. More protamine in the suspension means insulin absorption will be delayed longer; less protamine means the insulin will act faster.
Protamine, like insulin itself, is a protein. In the case of antibody formation, it is possible that the insulin itself is not the cause of them; the proteins present in the suspension, such as protamine, may be. [5] In this case, changing the type of suspension would solve the problem.
Protamine has other medical uses as well.
See also suspension.
References[]
- ↑ The Diagnosis and Management of Anaphylaxis - Protamine. Journal Allergy & Clinical Immunology (1998).
- ↑ Greco, Deborah (2010). Treating Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs and Cats. Western Veterinary Conference.
- ↑ Williams, Robert (1968). Textbook of Endocrinology, 4th edition. W. B. Saunders.
- ↑ Proteolytic Enzymes. Wikipedia.
- ↑ Problems With Regulation of Diabetes Mellitus-Antibodies. Intervet.