Certain veterinary medications for other conditions may seriously affect diabetic patients. This list is provided because some of these medications don't mention their side effects on diabetics in their literature.
Many drugs used in veterinary medicine are also used in human medicine under a differently-trademarked name. Learning the human pharma name (if applicable) or generic name of the drug (same in veterinary & human medicine) can often give you additional information regarding possible side effects and how the drug may affect patients with diabetes. Human pharma drugs provide this information--for some reason, veterinary drugs don't always.
The criteria for a drug appearing on the human medications list as affecting blood glucose levels is this: the drug is known to have the same effect on the blood glucose levels of someone who doesn't have diabetes. (Who may not have any adverse reactions of either hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia that need to be treated because the non-diabetic has a working pancreas capable of secreting additional insulin and normal counter-regulatory signaling for the body to release extra glucose, whichever may apply.) These effects then have a possibility to be more pronounced when someone with diabetes is taking them. [1] Diabetes In Control has a list of these drugs here. |
If you are considering alternative or herbal medicine for your diabetic pet, see also Alternative medication warnings.
Whenever medication is prescribed, knowing the following when you receive it can make things easier: [2]
- Name of the drug
- Condition the drug is meant to treat
- How the drug is to be given-orally, in the ear or eye, applied to the skin
- When and how often it is to be used
- What to do if you miss a dose
- The effects expected from the drug
- Possible side effects of the drug
- Length of time to give the drug
- If the drug has any special handling or storage requirements (Insulin, for example, is normally refrigerated)
- If there are any problems that may be expected in giving the medication
Warning: Can Be Fatal to Diabetics and Non-Diabetics[]
|
Contraindicated: May complicate or even promote diabetes[]
Urinary Incontinence[]
Proin, Cystolamine, Propalin, PPA-RD, phenylpropanolamine [3] Precautions "Do not use in animals with glaucoma, enlarged prostate, diabetes mellitus, [3] heart problems or high blood pressure." "Talk to your doctor if you have diabetes and you notice changes in blood glucose levels during therapy with acetaminophen/brompheniramine/phenylpropanolamine." [4] "Because of its effects in elevating heart rate and blood pressure, phenylpropanolamine should not be used in patients with heart disease or pre-existing high blood pressure. This includes patients with glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes mellitus [5] as well as those with certain types of cardiovascular disease." |
Hormones[]
|
|
These types of hormones, when prescribed for diabetics, can be "double problems". The progestin-type hormones themselves, by nature, [20] raise blood glucose; use of them can also mean the body may begin producing excess growth hormones, which causes insulin resistance.
Antiarrhythmics/Heart/High Blood Pressure[]
|
Steroids-Approach with caution[]
- Oral or injected steroids [25][26][10] such as cortisol are known to raise blood sugar [27] and even sometimes cause diabetes. [28] Talk to your vet -- sometimes steroids are still the best (or only) treatment for a condition and can be compensated for with known diabetes. [29]
Inhaled steroids for asthma may be tolerated by diabetics better than oral or injected.[30] Using steroids--orally, injected or even topically (applied to the skin as an ointment or cream)--can elevate blood glucose levels. During treatment and for a period after treatment with steroids ends, higher doses of insulin may be necessary. [31][31]
One brand name for injectable prednisone (methylprednisolone [34]) is Depo-Medrol. [35]
There is another class of steroids in need of mention here. They are called anabolic steroids, and are related to the male sex hormone, testosterone. [36] Their main uses are for medically supervised weight gain, [36] inappetance, (most commonly Winstrol/Stanozolol), [37] and in treatment of some forms of anemia and cancer. [36]
Anabolic Steroid name | Effects |
---|---|
Winstrol, Stanozolol [37][38] | insulin dose may need adjustment |
Anadrol-50, Anapolon-50, Oxymethalone [39][40] |
insulin dose may need adjustment |
Durabolin,Deca-Durabolin, Durabolin-50, Hybolin Decanoate, Hybolin Improved, Durabolin-50, Kabolin, Nandrolone [41] |
insulin dose may need adjustment |
Oxandrin, Oxandrolone [42] | insulin dose may need adjustment |
See the steroids page for more information. Many generic and brand name steroid medications, some with photo label links, are found on the Prescribed Steroids page.
Warnings: May raise blood glucose levels[]
Heartworm and flea/tick prevention[]
- Heartworm [43][44][45][46][47][48] and flea/tick prevention medications are known to produce temporary high blood glucose levels in some diabetic dogs. In the affected animals, glucose levels return to normal a few days after the medication is used--loss of control being temporary.
Just as all diabetics are not troubled with post-prandial spikes or dawn phenomenon, not all diabetic pets react to these medications in this way. No pharmaceutical company's products of this type contain advisories regarding the temporary elevation of blood glucose. [49]
Heartworm [50][51] is a global problem, with areas on all continents except Antarctica affected and is a disease that is far easier to prevent than to cure. It can affect both cats and dogs. [52][53][54][55]
Should your pet be affected by this, a talk with your vet is in order. Increasing insulin doses to counter this temporary situation may cause hypoglycemia once the systemic medication level has lowered.
The phenomenon also does not mean your pet has ceased to respond to the insulin you currently use. Since there are no formal label warnings, he/she needs to be aware that there are temporary side effects for these drugs which apply to some diabetics.
- The same is true for flea and tick removal or prevention products, both professional and over the counter; they are also capable of producing this unwanted effect after use in some diabetic animals.[10][56]
Other Medications[]
Epinephrine, or adrenalin, [57] is a hormone present in all of us; most medical literature refers to it simply as the "fight or flight" hormone. It is what gives one that "extra boost" when needed to either escape danger or stand one's ground; can also be referred to as a catecholamine. [58]
A common medical use of epinephrine is to combat severe allergic/asthmatic reactions. Many people with life-threatening reactions to things like bee stings, etc., are never without their EpiPen. It's a pre-loaded injection of epinephrine to be used in an emergency.
When someone with diabetes needs treatment with epinephrine, it counters the effects of the insulin and hyperglycemia is the result. [59][31]
Medication name | Uses |
---|---|
Adrenalin, Epinephrine [59][31] | allergic/asthmatic reactions |
Nicotinic Acid, Niacin [60] | lowering cholesterol |
Phenobarbital, [61][62][63] Epiphen (UK), [64] Phenytoin Dilantin/Dilantin with Phenobarbital [65] |
Epilepsy and other nervous system disorders |
Thyroid medications, [66][63] Soloxine [67] | Hormone replacement therapy thyroid disorders |
Carbamazepine, Atretol, Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol Apo-Carbamazepine, Novo-Carbamaz, Nu-Carbamazepine Taro-Carbamazepine [68] |
Epilepsy |
Phenothiazines many generic and brand names at links [69][70] |
Various uses |
Cyclosporine/Cyclosporin A Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune [71] Sandoz Cyclosporine, Restatis (opthalmic) [72] |
suppression of immune system due to various medical conditions [72][71][73][74][75] |
Also see below under diuretics/heart medications for some diuretics which can cause hyperglycemia.
Warnings: May have other adverse side effects[]
Antibiotics[]
Our pets may be prescribed antibiotics for various reasons, such as a dental procedure or a urinary tract infection.
- A common full-spectrum antibiotic given for dental procedures is Clavamox, [76] which is available in both tablet [77] and liquid [78] form. The liquid form is sweet, but the sweetness is from an artificial sweetener and should not affect blood glucose. The pill can be crushed and added to wet food if the animal is difficult to pill. Some animals, like some humans, get diarrhea on antibiotics. This can be minimized by the concurrent administration of a probiotic like Culturelle, [79] which is available at vitamin stores. Consult with your veterinarian on the appropriate amount of probotic for your animal. Some caregivers report higher blood glucose levels while their pet is on antibiotics.
Antibiotic name | Effects |
---|---|
Oxytetracycline, [80][81]Terramycin [82][83] Terak, [84] Engemycin (UK) [85] |
low blood sugar/hypoglycemia |
Chloramphenichol, [86] Chloromycetin [87][88] | low blood sugar/hypoglycemia false urine glucose test results [89] |
Sulfa drugs[]
- Another class of drugs used to fight various infections are called Sulfa Drugs. [90][91][92] They are often used similarly to antibiotics for this purpose. Sulfa [93] drugs can cause hypoglycemia, even in those without diabetes. They are also capable of altering urine glucose test results. [94]
Sulfa drug name | Effects |
---|---|
Gantrisin, Septra, Bactrim, Albon, [95], Duphatrim (UK) [96] Tribrissen (UK), [97]Trinacol (UK), [98] Trimethoprim/Sulfadiazine [99] Sulfamethoxazole [100] Azulfidine/Sulfasalazine [101] Ormetoprim/Primor [102] more names at link [103] |
low blood sugar/hypoglycemia [104] false urine glucose test results [94] |
Diuretics/Heart/Hypertension Medications[]
- Heart drug Digoxin and diuretic furosemide (both have many other brand names-table and links below), can interact with insulin. [105]
- Though its primary use is for treatment of diabetes, insulin [106] is useful to both people and pets suffering from an overdose of potassium--too much of it in the blood. The medical term for this is hyperkalemia [107]. Potassium ions enter the cells through glucose--insulin helps bring this life-saving change about.
- Furosemide/frusemide and other diuretics shown in table below, belong to a class of directics known as loop diuretics. [108] This type of medication can cause hyperglycemia for those with diabetes.
Both digoxin and furosemide/frusemide drain potassium from the system, along with the excess fluids they are prescribed to eliminate. Not all diuretics have this potassium-robbing action; those which don't are known as potassium-sparing diuretics. These drugs in combination with also necessary insulin can bring about a lower than normal potassium level known as hypokalemia. [109][110][111]
The problem can be prevented or solved by a prescription for a potassium supplement (K-Dur is just one brand name).
Drug name | Effects |
---|---|
Digoxin [112], Lanoxin, furosemide [113] frusemide, Lasix, Salix Myrosemide, Dimazon (UK), [114] Frusecare (UK), [115] Frusedale (UK) [116] other brand names [105] |
high blood sugar hyperglycemia [117] |
bumantanide [118], Bumex [119] thiazide based diuretics/hypertension medications [120][10] many at links [121][122] |
high blood sugar hyperglycemia |
Diuril, hydroDIURIL, Esidrix Diamox, Hygroton, Edicrin [123] |
high blood sugar hyperglycemia |
- Hypertension drugs known generically as Diazoxide [124] (Brand names: Hyperstat, Proglycem) are used not only for cases of high blood pressure, but also for treating non-diabetic hypoglycemia. This class of medication will raise blood glucose levels.
The drug Diamox (acetazolamide) shown in the table above can be used to treat glaucoma, seizure disorders as well as some other medical conditions along with heart/hypertension problems. [125] This drug, along with Methazolamide, (Neptazane) dorzolamide, [126] (Trusopt), Brinzolamide (Azopt) and Topiramate are classed as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, [127] which are capable of causing a loss of blood glucose control and may increase the amount of glucose in the blood and urine of those with diabetes. [128][129]
Beta-blocker name [130][131] | Effects |
---|---|
Propanolol, [132] Inderal,[133] acebutolol, Sectral, atenolol, Tenormin, betaxolol, Kerlone, biprosolol, Zebeta, carteolol, Cartrol labetalol, Normodyne, metoprolol, Lopressor, nadolol, Corgard oxprenolol, Trasicor, penbutolol, Levatol, pindolol, Visken, sotalol, Sotacor timolol, Blocadren [134] |
blocks normal hypoglycemia symptoms hypoglycemia events may last longer may increase hyperglycemia risk [135]. |
Carvedilol, [136] Coreg, [137] non-specific Beta-blocker |
can cause changes in blood glucose levels |
- Propanolol AKA Inderal is a drug used to fight hypertension (high blood pressure) and heart disease in people. The drug belongs to the beta-blocker class. They work by blocking beta receptors in the heart for noradrenaline and adrenaline. Anyone with diabetes using beta-blockers [131] needs to be especially careful, because they also can block some of the normal symptoms of hypoglycemia and may make a hypoglycemic episode last longer. [130] Beta blockers increase the risk of hyperglycemia in those with diabetes.
- Methyldopa, [138][10] brand name Aldoril, used in treating hypertension. can lower blood glucose levels.
- Verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Veralan) See Contraindications above for Antiarrthymics/Heart/High Blood Pressure. Causes hyperglycemia in dogs--can possibly precipitate a hyperglycemic crisis in canine diabetics.
Beta blockers have other uses beyond heart and high blood pressure problems; some are used in the treatment of glaucoma: Timolol [139] AKA (Timoptic), [140] (Betimol) [141] (Isatol) [142] is one. Betaxolol AKA Betoptic, Betoptic S, Lokren, Kerlone is another, along with Carteolol (many brand names at the link), as well as Levobunolol (brand names at link), and Metipranlol (brand names at link.) Some of these are for use in the eyes but there are oral forms of them for treating glaucoma also.
Sedatives, anesthesias, analgesics, emetics[]
Drug name | Effects |
---|---|
Xylazine (Rompun) | change in insulin needs [10] |
Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) | change in insulin needs [10] |
Medetomidine (Domitor) | change in insulin needs [10] |
Antidepressants and Other Behavior-Modifying Drugs[]
Many of the drugs commonly used for people are used for the same purposes in pets. [143] The following medications have been cited as having possible side effects in persons with diabetes:
Drug name | Effects |
---|---|
Prozac, Sarafem Fluoxetine, Reconcile [144][145] |
lowering blood glucose [70] change in insulin needs [146] |
Carbamazepine, Atretol, Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Carbamaz Tegretol, Apo-Carbamazepine, Nu-Carbamazepine Taro-Carbamazepine (epilepsy) |
increased urine glucose levels [147] |
Lithium, Eskalith, Lithobid | may either strengthen or weaken the effects of insulin [70] |
Phenothiazines many generic/brand names at link [148] |
may reduce the blood-glucose lowering effect of insulin [70]. |
Anafranil/Clomicalm, Clomipramine [149] | may cause hyperglycemia, glycosuria (glucose in urine), polyuria, [150]diabetes mellitus [151]. |
Zoloft/Sertraline [152] | may cause hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia reaction, polyuria. |
Paxil/Paroxetine [153] | may cause diabetes mellitus, polyuria. |
Elavil/Amitriptyline [154] | elevation or lowering of blood glucose levels. [155] |
Haldol/Haloperidol [156] | elevation or lowering of blood glucose levels hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia. |
Stelazine/Trifluoperazine [157] Compazine/Prochlorperazine [158] |
hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia glycosuria (glucose in urine). |
Navane/Thiothixene [159] | hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia glycosuria (glucose in urine). |
Risperdal/Risperidone [160] | polyuria, polydipsia, diabetes mellitus. |
See Hormones above for information on Medroxyprogesterone acetate, which can also be prescribed for some types of behavioral problems.
Warnings: Can Lower Blood Glucose[]
Drug name | Uses |
---|---|
Phenylbutazone [161][162], Butazolidin Butaron [163] |
arthritis/pain relief |
Chlofibrate [164], Atromid-S | high cholesterol levels |
Aspirin [165][166] | various pain/discomfort |
Coumarin-based anticoagulants. [167] Dicumerol |
circulatory-prevention of blood clots |
Dimethyl Sulfoxide, DMSO, Domoso, Synotic, Rimso-50 [168] |
skin ulcers/wounds/burns,various other uses |
- Alcohol [169] can strengthen the blood glucose-lowering effects of insulin. Though our pets don't use alcohol as people do, there are medications and supplements both by prescription and OTC, which contain alcohol as part of their ingredients. [170] Reading labels carefully and being cautious when using meds containing alcohol can prevent possible hypos.
- Metoclopramide, aka Reglan, Clopra, Maxolon, Octamide, Reclomide is used for GI problems and also to prevent vomiting. "Metoclopramide may accelerate food absorption and thereby alter insulin doses and/or timing of insulin effects." [171]
For antibotics and sulfa drugs which lower blood glucose, see Antibiotics section above.
All heart/hypertension/diuretics, some of which do lower blood glucose levels are also listed above in their own section.
False Testing Results-Urine Glucose[]
Some medications and supplements can cause false negative or false positive results when testing urine for glucose.
Possible False Urine Glucose Test Results--Antibiotics | |
---|---|
Antibiotic [172]/Sulfa [173][174][175] drug name | Effects |
cephalexin, Keflex, [176] Cephorum (UK), [177] Rilexine [178] Cefixime/Suprax [179] Cefotixin/Mefoxin [180] Cefpodoxime Proxetil/Simplicef [181]Cefotaxime/Claforan [182] other cephalosporin antibiotics [183] enrofloxacin, [184] Baytril [185] |
less than accurate (false negatives & positives) urine glucose test results [186] |
Gantrisin, Septra, Bactrim, Albon [187],Duphatrim [188] Tribrissen (UK) [97] |title=Tribrissen|publisher=NOAH Compendium-UK}}</ref>, Trinacol (UK) [189] more names at link [190] |
can alter urine glucose test results [191][94] |
Chloramphenichol [192] Chloromycetin [193] |
can produce false urine glucose test results [194]. |
Tetracycline, [195] Helidac, Sumycin, [196] Doxycycline [197] Doryx, Doxy 100 Monodox, Vibramycin Vibra-Tabs, Ronaxan (UK) [198] |
false urine glucose test results [199] |
Penicillin and its derivatives ampicillin, carbenicillin ticarcillin, penicillin G other names at links [200][201] |
can produce false positive urine glucose test results [202]. |
Possible False Urine Glucose Test Results--Other Drugs | |
---|---|
Acetaminophen [203] (brand names) Tylenol |
Common use: Pain reliever. |
Aspirin [204] | Common use: Pain reliever. False positives possible (urine test brand name Clinitest.) False negatives possible (urine test brand names Clinistix or TesTape.) |
Salicylates Pepto-Bismol, etc. [205] |
Common use: Diarrhea. False positives possible (urine test brand name Clinitest.) False negatives possible (urine test brand names Clinistix or TesTape.) |
Phenazopyridine Pyridium, Geridium, Pyridiate, or Urogesic |
Common use: Urinary tract infections. False positives possible (urine test brand name TesTape.) Delayed reactions possible (urine test brand names Clinistix or TesTape.) [206] |
Diazepam [207] (brand names) Valium |
Negative. Common uses: Seizures, anxiety, muscle relaxant, appetite stimulant. (urine tests brand names Diastix and Clinistix.) |
Possible False Test Results--Vitamin C Supplements [208][209] | |
---|---|
Blood Chemistry | Decreased blood glucose and cholesterol test levels. |
Urine Testing | False high urine glucose test results (With urine test brand name Clinitest) [209]. |
Urine Testing | False negative urine glucose test results (With urine test brand name Clinistix) [209]. |
Urine Testing | False negative urine glucose test results With other urine test brand name strips. [210] |
Possible False Urine Glucose Test Results-Other Reasons | |
---|---|
Moderate Ketones [210] | Negative if glucose is only slightly elevated. |
Increased Urine Specific Gravity [210] | Negative. |
Decreased Temperature [210] | Negative-refrigerated samples. |
Very Concentrated Urine | Negative [211]. |
Expired Test Strips [210] | Negative. |
Old Urine Sample [212] | Negative. Bacterial metabolism of urine at room temperatures for extended periods. [213] |
Contaminated Sample [210] | Positive with oxidant contamination such as bleach, hydrogen peroxide or formaldehyde. [214] |
Cystitis [214] | Positive due to bacterial peroxidases. |
If your pet is taking any type of vitamin supplements, it should be noted on his or her medical records. Knowing that he/she is using them means being able to factor them into interpretations of test results.
False Testing Results-Urine Ketones[]
Some medications and supplements can cause false negative or false positive results when testing urine for ketones.
Possible False Urine Ketone Test Results--Drugs and Supplements | |
---|---|
Valproic Acid (brand names) Depakene, Depakote, Divalproex Sodium [215] |
Positive. Common use: Treatment of epilepsy. |
Cefixime/Suprax [216] | Positive with nitroprusside-based urine testing. Common use: Antibiotic. |
Levadopa Metabolites [217] | Positive with high concentrations [210][218]. |
Tricyclic Ring Compounds [219][220] | Positive. Common use: Treatment of depression. |
Captopril- other drugs with free sulfhydryl groups [219] |
Positive. Captopril Common use: Hypertension (high blood pressure), various heart conditions, preserving kidney function in diabetic nephropathy [221][218]. |
Phenazopyridine Pyridium, Geridium, Pyridiate, or Urogesic [222][223]. |
Positive. Common use: Urinary tract infections. |
Glucocorticoids/Steroids [224] | Positive. Common use: Allergies, replacement therapy, others. |
Vitamin C Supplements [225][218][226]. | Negative. |
Possible False Urine Ketone Test Results-Other Reasons | |
---|---|
Pigmented Urine [210] | Positive- Any other color except yellow or clear [227] May be the result of other disease processes. |
Dehydration [222][228] | Positive or negative lack of fluids can concentrate ketones |
samples with high specific gravity and low pH [229] |
Positive. |
Old Urine Sample [210] | Negative- ketones can evaporate rapidly. [213] |
Older opened test strip container [230][226] | Negative |
If your pet is taking any type of vitamin supplements, it should be noted on his or her medical records. Knowing that he/she is using them means being able to factor them into interpretations of test results.
References[]
- ↑ Drugs That May Affect Blood Glucose Levels. Diabetes In Control.
- ↑ Medication information checklist. Nora Apothecary.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Phenylpropanolamine Information Sheet. Drs. Foster & Smith. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Foster" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Phenylpropanolamine. Health.com.
- ↑ Brooks, Wendy C.. Proin, Propalin, Phenylpropanolamine. Veterinary Partner.
- ↑ Ovaban/Megestrol Acetate. Petplace.com.
- ↑ Ovarid. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Romagnoli, Stefano (2002). Clinical Use of Hormones in the Control of Reproduction-page 2. Veterinary Sciences Congress.
- ↑ Vetsulin-Insulin Control-Insulin Resistance. Intervet.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 Caninsulin-Interaction with other medical products-page 3. Veterinary Medicines Directorate UK.
- ↑ Megace-Megestrol Acetate. RxList.com.
- ↑ Provera. Pfizer.
- ↑ Cycrin. MedicineNet.com.
- ↑ Amen. MedicineNet.com.
- ↑ Depo-Provera. RxList.com.
- ↑ Progestone. MedicineNet.com.
- ↑ Medroxyprogesterone acetate. PetPlace.com.
- ↑ Cook, Audrey (1 April 2010). Identifying the reasons behind difficult-to-control diabetes in dogs. DVM 360.
- ↑ Medroxyprogesterone acetate. Wedgewood Pharmacy.
- ↑ Progestin-type Hormones--Natural Body Action. Intervet.
- ↑ Verapamil Drug Information. Medline.
- ↑ As, Ali Shabestari, Asl, Morteza Jahanbakhsh (2003). Verapamil Effects on Canine Blood Sugar & Triglycerides. WSAVA.
- ↑ Asl, Ali Shabestari, Hassas, Babak Vaziri (2003). Effect of Verapamil Dosage on Healthy Dogs ECG. WSAVA.
- ↑ Cooke, Kirsten L., Snider, Patti S. (1998). Calcium Channel Blockers in Veterinary Medicine. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Dexamethasone. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Triamcinolone. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Glucocorticoids. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Ask the D Team. Children With Diabetes.com (2006).
- ↑ Vetsulin-Insulin Control-Insulin Resistance. Intervet.
- ↑ Cohn, L. A., DeClue, A. E., Reinero, C. R. (2008). Endocrine and Immunologic Effects of Inhaled Fluticasone Propionate in Healthy Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Steroid Treatment and Insulin Needs. Health Touch. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Insulin" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Insulin" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Insulin" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Corticosteroid Brand Name List. Health Touch.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Prednisone. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Methylprednisolone. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Depo-Medrol Drug Information. Rx List.com.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Anabolic Steroids. Mayo Clinic.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 Drugs Affecting Appetite. Merck Veterinary Manual. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Merck" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Winstrol/Stanozolol. Rx List.com.
- ↑ Androl-50/Oxymethalone. Rx List.com.
- ↑ Anabolic Steroids-Anapolon-50. Drugs.com.
- ↑ Durabolin/Deca-Durabolin/Durabolin-50/Nandrolone, etc.. Drugs.com.
- ↑ Oxandrin/Oxandrolone. Drugs.com.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Diethylcarbamazine. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Antihelmintics-Miscellaneous Antihelmintics-Diethylcarbamazine. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Ivermectin. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Milbemycin. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Heartworm Disease-Milbemycin. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Antihelmintics-Macrocyclic Lactones-Ivermectin. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Atkins, Clarke (2005). Heartworm Disease in Dogs: An Update (Prevension). -WSAVA.
- ↑ Prevalence of Heartworm Worldwide. Heartworm Society.
- ↑ Atkins, Clarke (2003). Feline Heartworm. WSAVA.
- ↑ Dogs vs Cats. Heartworm Society.
- ↑ Canine Heartworm Disease. Heartworm Society.
- ↑ Feline Heartworm Disease. Heartworm Society.
- ↑ Diagnosing Feline Heartworm. Southpaws.com (Fall 2000).
- ↑ Amitraz. Cornell University.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Epinephrine. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Blood Glucose. Cornell University.
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 Epinephrine/Adrenalin--Effect on Diabetes. Indiana State University.
- ↑ Nicotinic Acid/Niacin. Wikipedia.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Phenobarbital. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Phenobarbital. Petplace.com.
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 Niacin. Phenobarbital, Dilantin, Thyroid Medications & Diabetes. Health Touch. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "HealthTouch" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Epiphen. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Dilantin/Phenytoin. Drugs.com.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Levothyroxine. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Soloxine. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Carbamazepine. US National Institutes of Health.
- ↑ Phenothiazines. Medicine Net.
- ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 Rx.com. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Rx" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Rx" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Rx" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 71.0 71.1 Sandimmune. RXMed. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Drugs" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 72.0 72.1 Cyclosporine. Drugs.com.
- ↑ Alkharfy, Khalid M. (2009). Influence of Overt Canine Diabetes on Cyclosporine Kinetics in a Canine Model. King Saud University.
- ↑ Yamamoto, H. et. al. (1991). Effects of Cyclosporin A and low dosages of steroid on posttransplantation diabetes in kidney transplant recipients. Diabetes Care.
- ↑ Murray SC, Gasser A, Hess RS. (2009). Transient hyperglycemia in a prediabetic dog treated with prednisone and cyclosporin A. Australian Veterinary Journal.
- ↑ Clavamox. Petplace.com.
- ↑ Clavamox Tablet Product Information.
- ↑ Clavamox Liquid Product Information. Pfizer Animal Health.
- ↑ Culturelle Information. Culturelle.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Oxytetracycline. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Oxytetracycline and Insulin Use. InChem.
- ↑ Oxytetracycline/Terramycin. Medline.
- ↑ Terramycin Product Information. Pfizer.
- ↑ Terak-Ophthalmic-Drug Information. Drugs.com.
- ↑ Engemycin. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Chloramphenichol. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Chloramphenichol/Chloromycetin & Blood Glucose. Health Touch.
- ↑ Chloramphenicol/Chloromycetin. Petplace.com.
- ↑ Chloramphenicol and Congeners-Special Clinical Concerns. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Sulfonamides. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Trimethoprim. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Ormetoprim. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Sulfa Drugs by Brand Name & Hypoglycemia. Wellness.com.
- ↑ 94.0 94.1 94.2 Sulfonamides and Sulfonamide Combinations-Special Clinical Concerns. Merck Veterinary Manual. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Sulfa" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Sulfa" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Albon. Medi-Vet.com.
- ↑ Duphatrim. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ 97.0 97.1 Tribrissen. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Trinacol. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprim. Petplace.com.
- ↑ Sulfamethoxazole. Petplace.com.
- ↑ Azulfidine/Sulfasalazine. Petplace.com.
- ↑ Ormetoprim/Primor. Petplace.com.
- ↑ Dose Rates of Sulfonamides. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Sulfa Drugs & Hypoglycemia. National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse.
- ↑ 105.0 105.1 Drugs Which Can Interact With Insulin. Pet Place.com. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Interact" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Use of Insulin in Hyperkalemia Treatment. InChem.
- ↑ Uses of Insulin. PetPlace.com.
- ↑ Action of Loop Diuretics and Common Brand Names for Them. Drugs.com.
- ↑ Digoxin & Hypokalemia. Wedgewood Pharmacy.
- ↑ Potassium Deficiency & Diuretics. Pet Education.com.
- ↑ Hypokalemia. RxEd.org.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Digoxin. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Furosemide. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Dimazon. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Frusecare. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Frusedale. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Action of Loop Diuretics and Common Brand Names for Them. Medline Plus.
- ↑ Bumetanide. InChem.
- ↑ Bumex. InChem.
- ↑ Thiazide Based Diuretics/Hypertension Medications. National Institutes of Health.
- ↑ Brand Names for Thiazide Based Medications. Medline Plus.
- ↑ More Brand Names for Thiazide Based Medications.
- ↑ Brand Names of Diuretics Which Can Raise Glucose Levels. Health Touch.
- ↑ Diazoxide Drugs & Diabetes. Health Touch.
- ↑ Diamox. Drugs.com.
- ↑ Dorozolamide. 1-800 PetMeds.com.
- ↑ Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Drugs.com.
- ↑ Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors.
- ↑ Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used in treating glaucoma.
- ↑ 130.0 130.1 Klabunde, Richard E.. Beta-Blockers & Hypoglycemia. CVpharmacology.com. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Hypo" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 131.0 131.1 Beta-Blocker-type Drugs & Diabetes. Net Doctor.co.uk. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "NetDoctor" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Rickards, Rick. Propanolol. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Insulin-Precautions & Side Effects. PetPlace.com.
- ↑ Beta-Blockers by Brand & Generic Names. Health Touch.
- ↑ Other Medicines. Drugs.com.
- ↑ Sawangkoon, Suwanakiet (2005). Different Beta Blockers Produce Different Heart Rate Variability Patterns in Dogs. WSAVA.
- ↑ Drug Information Carvedilol/Coreg. Medline Plus.
- ↑ Methyldopa/Aldoril & Diabetes. Health Touch.
- ↑ Timolol. 1-800 PetMeds.
- ↑ Timoptic-page 3. Merck.
- ↑ Betimol. RxList.com.
- ↑ Isatol. Drugs.com.
- ↑ Psychotropic Agents. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Fluoxetine/Prozac. Petplace.com.
- ↑ Reconcile, fluoxetine hydrochloride, but no mention of possible diabetes problems found elsewhere. Eli Lilly.
- ↑ Fluoxetine-Prozac-Sarafem. National Institutes of Health-US.
- ↑ Carbamazepine. US National Institutes of Health-US.
- ↑ Phenothiazines. Medicine Net.
- ↑ Clomicalm/Clomipramine. Petplace.com.
- ↑ Anafranil/Clomipramine Side Effects. Rx List.com.
- ↑ Clomipramine/Anafranil. Rx List.com.
- ↑ Zoloft/Sertraline-Side Effects. Rx List.com.
- ↑ Paxil/Paroxetine-Side Effects. Rx List.com.
- ↑ Elavil/Amitriptyline-Side Effects. Rx List.com.
- ↑ Elavil/Amitriptyline Warnings/Precautions. Rx List.com.
- ↑ Haldol/Haloperidol-Side Effects. Rx List.com.
- ↑ Stelazine/Trifluoperazine-Side Effects. Rx List.com.
- ↑ Compazine/Prochlorperazine-Side Effects. Rx List.com.
- ↑ RxList-Navane/Thiothixene-Side Effects
- ↑ Risperdal/Risperidone-Side Effects. Rx List.com.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Phenylbutazone. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Phenylbutazone/Butazolidin & Diabetes. Health Touch.
- ↑ Butazolidin/Butaron/Phenylbutazone. Pet Place.com.
- ↑ Chlofibrate/Atromid-S & Diabetes. Health Touch.
- ↑ Aspirin & Low Blood Sugar/Hypoglycemia. Wellness.com.
- ↑ Insulin-Precautions & Side Effects. PetPlace.com.
- ↑ Coumarin-based Anticoagulants & Low Blood Glucose/Hypoglycemia. Health Touch.
- ↑ Dimethyl Sulfoxide. elephantcare.org.
- ↑ Insulin Interactions with Other Drugs 7.6. InChem.
- ↑ Kuebler, Heidi (2005). Bach Flower Therapy. WSAVA.
- ↑ Metoclopramide. elephantcare.org.
- ↑ Rees, Christine A., Boothe, Dawn M. (2004). Cephalexin/Keflex, Enrofloxacin/Baytril & Inaccurate Urine Glucose Testing in Dogs. Journal-American Veterinary Medical Association.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Sulfonamides. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Trimethoprim. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Ormetoprim. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Cephalexin/Keflex Information. Medline Plus.
- ↑ Cephorum. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Rilexine. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Suprax/Cefixime. RxList.com.
- ↑ Cefotixin/Mefoxin. Petplace.com.
- ↑ Cefpodoxime Proxetil/Simplicef. Petplace.com.
- ↑ Cefotaxime/Claforan. Petplace.com.
- ↑ Dose Rates of Cephalosporins. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Enrofloxacin. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Enrofloxacin/Baytril Information. PetPlace.com.
- ↑ Cephalosporins and Cephamycins-Special Clinical Concerns. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Albon. Medi-Vet.com.
- ↑ Duphatrim. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Trinacol. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Dose Rates of Sulfonamides. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Sulfa Drugs by Brand Name & Hypoglycemia. Wellness.com.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Chloramphenichol. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Chloramphenichol/Chloromycetin & Blood Glucose. Healthtouch.
- ↑ Chloramphenicol and Congeners-Special Clinical Concerns. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Tetracycline. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Tetracycline Medications & False Urine Test Results. Medline Plus.
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Doxycycline. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ Ronaxan. NOAH Compendium-UK.
- ↑ Doxycycline Medications & False Urine Test Results. Medline Plus.
- ↑ Dose Rate of Penicillins-More Generic & Brand Names of Penicillin Family Drugs. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Penicillins. Medline Plus.
- ↑ Penicillins-Special Clinical Concerns. Merck Veterinary Manual.
- ↑ Acetaminophen. Health.com.,
- ↑ Aspirin. Elephantcare.org.
- ↑ Bismuth subsalicylate. Elephantcare.org.
- ↑ Phenazopyridine. Merck Manuals Online.
- ↑ Diazepam/Valium. Elephantcare.org.,
- ↑ Rickards, Rick. Vitamin C. PetTalk.com.
- ↑ 209.0 209.1 209.2 Vitamin C & False Test Results in Pets. Provet UK.
- ↑ 210.0 210.1 210.2 210.3 210.4 210.5 210.6 210.7 210.8 Sine, Cheryl S., et. al. (2003). Urinalysis Dipstick Interpretations. Glucose-University of Georgia. Cite error: Invalid
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tag; name "Sine" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Sine" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Sine" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Taylor, Judith A. (November 2006). Urinalysis: Glucose. District of Columbia Academy-Veterinary Medicine.
- ↑ Optimizing Results with Urinalysis Dipsticks. Entrepreneur.com.
- ↑ 213.0 213.1 Consequences of inappropriate urine specimen storage. Chronolab.
- ↑ 214.0 214.1 Urine Glucose. Cornell University.
- ↑ Valproic Acid. NetDoctor UK.
- ↑ Suprax/Cefixime. RXList.com.
- ↑ Levadopa. Drugs.com.
- ↑ 218.0 218.1 218.2 Hanas, Ragnar. Measuring Ketones in Blood. Children With Diabetes.
- ↑ 219.0 219.1 Taylor, Judith A. (November 2006). Clinical Lab Medicine Harvesting The Gold: Interpretation and Techniques of Urinalysis. District of Columbia Academy of Veterinary Medicine.
- ↑ Tricyclic Antidepressant. Wikipedia.
- ↑ Captopril. Wikipedia.
- ↑ 222.0 222.1 Ketone Test Explained. Diabetes Explained. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Explained" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Phenazopyridine. Merck Manuals Online.
- ↑ Ketones. Medline Plus.
- ↑ Precision Xtra Blood Ketone Test Strips. Abbott Diabetes Care.
- ↑ 226.0 226.1 Hanas, Ragnar. Measuring Ketones in Urine. Children With Diabetes.
- ↑ Taylor, Judith A. (November 2006). Urinalysis: What Is Abnormal?. District of Columbia Academy-Veterinary Medicine.
- ↑ Dehydration and Ketosis. North American Veterinary Conference (2003).
- ↑ Preanalytical Variables in Urine Testing. BD Diabetes (2006).
- ↑ Precision Xtra-When is it Recommended to Test?. Abbott Diabetes Care.
More Information[]
- Multidrug Sensitivities in Dogs--How They Can Be Gene-Related VetMed WSU
- Commonly Used Veterinary Drugs and Dosages By Species PetTalk
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring--Tailoring Drug Dosages to the Individual Patient Boothe, Dawn Merton, 2003, VetMed Auburn University
- Start Page to US Pharmacopeia--Information on Over 9,000 Rx & OTC Drugs
- Veterinary Drug Database AnimalHelp
- Avoiding Adverse Drug Reactions Trepanier, Lauren, 2001, WSAVA
- Various Novo Insulins Novo Nordisk
This pdf file contains some information about what medications may interfere with insulin treatment on page 2. - Drugs That Can Worsen Diabetes Control Diabetes Self-Management-April 2009
- Vetsulin-Insulin Requirement Changes in Dogs Intervet
- Drug-Induced Disorders of Glucose Tolerance Pandit MK, Burke J, Gustafson AB, Minocha A, Peiris AN., 1993, Annals of Internal Medicine
- Cook-Identifying the reasons behind difficult-to-control diabetes in dogs-pages 2-3 Audrey Cook-1 April 2010-DVM 360
- Hormones Which Raise or Lower Blood Glucose Clinical Chemistry