Close-up of Iletin vial-1923. Iletin from Eli Lilly. Beef R/Neutral in varying strengths--not highly purified, nor were there any suspension insulins at the time. Photo is likely ca. 1922-1923.
Comparison of amino acid sequences in canine/porcine, feline, human and bovine insulins.
Bovine means "derived from a cow." An example would be milk. Generally, grocery stores sell cow's (or bovine) milk, but some also sell milk derived from other species, such as goats.
The pancreases of cows are used to make bovine insulin. The pancreases of pigs also are used to make insulin; hence the term porcine and discussions here of porcine insulin.
Amino acid differences[]
Iletin ad-1950 medical journal. Pure beef insulin in U40 (front) and likely U80 strengths. Regular/Neutral, NPH/Isophane and Protamine Zinc/PZI were available then; Lente, Semilente & Ultralente had yet to be marketed.
From left-insulins Semilente ("S"), Protamine Zinc ("P"), NPH/isophane ("N"), Regular/neutral/normal ("R"), Lente ("L"), and Ultralente ("U").
For dogs, there are 2 amino acid differences between their own insulin and bovine: positions A #8 and A #10. On the A insulin chain, dogs have Threonine at A #8-cows have Alanine; dogs have Isoleucine at A #10, while cows have Valine.
These insulins are natural and entirely or partly derived from bovine (cow) sources.
Lilly's Iletin I insulins were a mixture of beef and pork; they were 85-90% bovine insulin.
There is no blend of bovine/porcine insulin marketed presently by any pharmaceutical company. The last was PZI Vet, whose manufacturer, IDEXX, purchased the Iletin I PZI formula from Eli Lilly. It is the basis for PZI Vet insulin, but produced in a U40 strength, as opposed to U100.
Many humans also prefer beef-based insulins, which are claimed by some to give a clearer warning of impending low blood sugar than the comparable human GE and analog insulins.
1999 notice [1] of Lilly's discontinuation of Iletin I beef/pork insulins; pure beef was discontinued in 1995.
Bovine Insulins[]
| Bovine Insulins | |
|---|---|
|
Short Acting Soluble |
| R/Neutral | Hypurin Bovine Neutral Betasint Bovine Corriente |
| R/Neutral | Hypurin Vet Neutral (No longer produced.) Insuvet Neutral (No longer produced.) |
| R/Neutral | Iletin R (No longer produced.) |
| R/Neutral | Iletin I R Bovine/Porcine insulin. (No longer produced.) |
|
|
Short Acting Cloudy |
| Semilente | Iletin I Semilente Bovine/Porcine insulin. (No longer produced.) |
|
Intermediate Acting |
| NPH/isophane | Hypurin Bovine Isophane Betasint Bovine NPH |
| NPH/isophane | Iletin NPH (No longer produced.) |
| NPH/isophane | Iletin I NPH Bovine/Porcine insulin. (No longer produced.) |
| Mixed | Rapidtard Bovine/Porcine insulin. (No longer produced.) |
| Lente | Hypurin Bovine Lente Betasint Bovine Lente |
| Lente | Iletin Lente (No longer produced.) Beef Lentard (No longer produced.) Insuvet Lente (No longer produced.) |
| Lente | Iletin I Lente Bovine/Porcine insulin (No longer produced.) Lentard MC Bovine/Porcine insulin (No longer produced.) |
|
Long Acting |
| PZI | Hypurin Bovine Protamine Zinc |
| PZI | Hypurin Vet Protamine Zinc (No longer produced.) Insuvet Protamine Zinc (No longer produced.) |
| PZI | BCP PZI, VPOA PZI, Summit PZI Other Compounded Pure Bovine/Beef PZI |
| PZI | PZI Vet Bovine/Porcine insulin (No longer produced.) |
| Ultralente | Iletin Ultralente [2] Bovine insulin (No longer produced.) |
| Ultralente | Ultratard [3] Bovine insulin (No longer produced.) |
| Ultralente | Iletin I Ultralente Bovine/Porcine insulin (No longer produced.) |
Prescribing information[]
Prescribing information for Bovine Insulins. [4] This shows information for the insulins of CP Pharma; information can also be applied to:Hypurin Vet Neutral, Hypurin Vet Protamine Zinc, Insuvet Neutral, Insuvet Lente, Insuvet Protamine Zinc, U100 BCP PZI, and Summit PZI .
See also porcine insulins.
References[]
- ↑ 1999 Notice of Lilly's Discontinuation of Iletin Beef/Pork Insulins. Newman Veterinary.
- ↑ Discussion of differences in r-DNA Ultralente and beef Ultralente insulins. Free Patents Online.
- ↑ Insulin Preparations-UK (1976).
- ↑ Prescribing Information for Bovine Insulins.
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