Changes: Actrapid

Latest revision as of 23:26, 23 May 2012

Actrapid
R, Neutral by Novo Nordisk
short-acting
r-DNA/GE/GM
U40, U100	none
Action in dogs: onset 10-30 minutes, peak 1-5h, duration 4-10h ^[1]
Line: Novo
Also known as: Novolin R, ReliOn/Novolin R
Similar to: Huminsulin Normal, Humulin C Humulin R, Humuline R, Humulin Regular Humulina Regular, Humuline Regular, Humulin S Humulin ReliOn R, Umuline Rapide Umuline Regular, Insuman Rapid, Winthrop Rapid Names of Lilly r-DNA/GE/GM insulins worldwide
Use and Handling:
Shelf Life: 30 months	Type: soluble, clear
When Opened: 6 weeks room temp.
In Pen: 6 weeks room temp.
Notes: Protect from light and heat Do Not Freeze, May be used intravenously

Actrapid in 10 ml vial and 3 ml pen cartridge.


Note that some countries have the brand name in U40 strength.

Novo Nordisk's brand of fast-acting insulin, ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] known as Novolin R in North America. ^[7]

Comparable insulins made by others are: Huminsulin Normal, Humulin R ^[8] and Humulin S ^[9]^[10]^[11] by Eli Lilly, and Insuman Rapid ^[12]^[13] and Winthrop Rapid, both by Aventis.

A short-acting, soluble, non-suspended insulin produced from r-DNA/GE/GM, bovine, or porcine sources. Like all R or neutral insulins, nothing is added (suspensions) to alter the insulin's action or speed. ^[14] From 1921 to the 1930's when PZI was developed, R was the only kind of insulin available.

While both R/neutral and semilente insulins are considered fast-acting, they differ in a few ways. As above, there's no suspension or buffer ^[15] in R/neutral; it's totally dissolved and soluble, meaning it can safely be used intravenously. ^[16]

The very small insulin particles in semilente insulin are suspended by zinc. ^[15] Semilente is cloudy, has an acetate buffer and cannot be used intravenously.

R/Neutral insulin cannot be reliably mixed with Lente or Ultralente insulins. ^[17]^[18] Semilente can; the ratio of 3 parts semilente insulin to 7 parts ultralente insulin produces Lente insulin. ^[15]

R/Neutral Insulins[]

R/Neutral Insulins
	All Short acting All soluble
Bovine/Beef	Hypurin Bovine Neutral Betasint Bovine Corriente
Bovine/Beef	Iletin R (No longer produced.) Hypurin Vet Neutral (No longer produced.) Insuvet Neutral (No longer produced.)
Bovine/Beef Porcine/Pork	Iletin I R (No longer produced.)
Porcine/Pork	Betasint Porcine Corriente Hypurin Porcine Neutral Hypurin Pork Regular Maxirapid CHO
Porcine/Pork	Pork Actrapid (No longer produced.) Iletin II R (No longer produced.) Leo Neutral (No longer produced.)
R-DNA	Actrapid, Huminsulin Normal Humulin C, Humulin R Humulin Regular, Humulina Regular Humuline R, Humuline Regular Humulin S, Insuman Rapid Novolin R, Umuline Rapide Umuline Regular, Winthrop Rapid Humulin ReliOn R
R-DNA	ReliOn/Novolin R (No longer produced.)

References[]

↑ Insulins. North American Veterinary Conference Clinicians Brief (2006).
↑ Patient Information Leaflet-Actrapid. Novo Nordisk.
↑ Scientific Discussion-Actrapid. EMEA.
↑ Prescribing Novo Insulins.
↑ Actrapid Information. Novo Nordisk.
↑ Actrapid. Medguides UK.
↑ Novolin R. Revolution Health.
↑ Humulin R Regular Human Insulin. Revolution Health.
↑ Patient Information Leaflet-Humulin S. Eli Lilly.
↑ Humulin S Prescribing Information.
↑ Lilly EU/UK Product Sheet & Time Activity Profiles. Eli Lilly.
↑ Patient Information Leaflet-InsumanRapid. Sanofi-Aventis.
↑ Prescribing Insuman Insulins.
↑ Humulin R. Eli Lilly.
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 DeRuiter, Jack. Insulin Preparations-Regular Insulin. Auburn University. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Auburn" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Auburn" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Maddison, Jill E.,Page, Stephen W.,Church, David B. (2008). Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology. Saunders Ltd..
↑ Intermediate-Acting Insulin Preparations: NPH (Isophane) & Lente. Diabetes Care (1980).
Note--in 1980, there were no r-DNA/GE/GM insulins
↑ Resource Guide. American Diabetes Association (2005).

More Information[]

NACDS-Insulin Chart-Page 2
Leeds NHS UK-Insulin Guide
Insulin therapy for dogs and cats Dowling, Patricia, Canadian Veterinary Journal, September 1995
A discussion of regular/neutral/normal insulins.

		Related Pages

Humulin ReliOn R	Humulin R	Humulin S	Winthrop Rapid	Insuman Rapid

[1] Insulins. North American Veterinary Conference Clinicians Brief (2006).

[2] Patient Information Leaflet-Actrapid. Novo Nordisk.

[3] Scientific Discussion-Actrapid. EMEA.

[4] Prescribing Novo Insulins.

[5] Actrapid Information. Novo Nordisk.

[6] Actrapid. Medguides UK.

[7] Novolin R. Revolution Health.

[8] Humulin R Regular Human Insulin. Revolution Health.

[9] Patient Information Leaflet-Humulin S. Eli Lilly.

[10] Humulin S Prescribing Information.

[11] Lilly EU/UK Product Sheet & Time Activity Profiles. Eli Lilly.

[12] Patient Information Leaflet-InsumanRapid. Sanofi-Aventis.

[13] Prescribing Insuman Insulins.

[14] Humulin R. Eli Lilly.

[Auburn-15] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 DeRuiter, Jack. Insulin Preparations-Regular Insulin. Auburn University. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Auburn" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Auburn" defined multiple times with different content

[16] Maddison, Jill E.,Page, Stephen W.,Church, David B. (2008). Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology. Saunders Ltd..

[17] Intermediate-Acting Insulin Preparations: NPH (Isophane) & Lente. Diabetes Care (1980).
Note--in 1980, there were no r-DNA/GE/GM insulins

[18] Resource Guide. American Diabetes Association (2005).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{|class="wikitable"  align="right" width="300"  bgcolor="powderblue"|
-{{Insulin|
+! colspan="2" style="background:#cae1ff; width:300px;font-size:10pt" | Actrapid
-bgcolor=#cae1ff|
+|-
-fgcolor=#000080|
+| colspan="2" style="background:aliceblue; width:300px; text-align:center;font-size:9pt" |[[R]], [[Neutral]] by [[Novo Nordisk]]
-name=Actrapid|
+|-
-generic=[[R]],[[Neutral]]|
+|colspan="2" style="background:#bcd2ee; width:300px; text-align:center;font-size:9pt"|[[short-acting]]
-mfg=[[Novo Nordisk]]|
+|-
-|- align="center" style="background:#cae1ff;border-bottom:3px solid grey;"|
+| colspan="2" style="background:#bcd2ee; width:300px; text-align:center;font-size:9pt"|[[r-DNA/GE/GM]]
-action=[[short-acting]]|
+|-
-origin=[[r-DNA/GE/GM]]|
+! colspan="1" style="background:#bcd2ee; width:150px; text-align:center;font-size:9pt" | U40,  U100
-strength=U40, U100|
+|colspan="1" style="background:#bcd2ee; width:150px;text-align:center;font-size:9pt"|'''none'''
-suspension=none|
+|-
-line=[[Novo Nordisk|Novo]]|
+|colspan="2" style="background:aliceblue; width:300px;font-size:9pt; text-align:left" | '''Action in dogs:'''
-aliases=[[Novolin R]], [[ReliOn/Novolin R]]|
-similar=&nbsp;
-*[[Huminsulin Normal]]
-*[[Humulin C]]
-*[[Humulin R]]
-*[[Humulin Regular]]
-*[[Humulin S]]
-*[[Humulina Regular]]
-*[[Humuline R]]
-*[[Humuline Regular]]
-*[[Insuman Rapid]]
-*[[Umuline Rapide]]
-*[[Umuline Regular]]
-*[[Winthrop Rapid]]
-<br>[http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20100602042136/diabetesindogs/images/2/23/WW_Humuline.pdf Names of Lilly r-DNA/GE/GM insulins worldwide]|
-dogaction=&nbsp;
 *onset 10-30 minutes,
 *peak 1-5h,
-*duration 4-10h<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20061101114701/http://www.cliniciansbrief.com/cms/portals/_default/pdfs/capsules/Jan_05_Cap11.pdf |title=Insulins|year=2006|publisher=North American Veterinary Conference Clinicians Brief}}</ref>|
+*duration 4-10h <ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20061101114701/http://www.cliniciansbrief.com/cms/portals/_default/pdfs/capsules/Jan_05_Cap11.pdf |title=Insulins|year=2006|publisher=North American Veterinary Conference Clinicians Brief}}</ref>
+|-
-cloudyorsoluble=[[soluble]]|
+| colspan="2" style="background:aliceblue; width:300px;font-size:9pt; text-align:left" | '''Line:''' [[Novo Nordisk|Novo]]
-shelflife= 30 months|
+|-
-openedlife= 6 weeks room temp.|
+| colspan="2" style="background:aliceblue; width:300px; font-size:9pt;text-align:left"| '''Also known as:''' [[Novolin R]], [[ReliOn/Novolin R]]
-penlife= 6 weeks room temp.|
-handlingnotes=&nbsp;
-*protect from light and heat
-*Do Not Freeze
-*May be used [[intravenously]]
-}}
-{|align="left" width="250" border="1" bgcolor="powderblue"|
-|[[Image:actrapid.jpg|250px]]
 |-
+| colspan="2" style="background:aliceblue; width:300px;font-size:9pt;text-align:left"| '''Similar to:''' [[Huminsulin Normal]], [[Humulin C]]<br>[[Humulin R]],&nbsp;[[Humuline R]], [[Humulin Regular]]<br>[[Humulina Regular]], [[Humuline Regular]], [[Humulin S]]<br>[[Humulin ReliOn R]],  [[Umuline Rapide]]<br>[[Umuline Regular]], [[Insuman Rapid]], [[Winthrop Rapid]]<br><br>[http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20100602042136/diabetesindogs/images/2/23/WW_Humuline.pdf Names of Lilly r-DNA/GE/GM insulins worldwide]
-|bgcolor="aliceblue"|Actrapid in 10 ml vial and 3 ml pen cartridge.
+|-
+| colspan="2" style="background:#cae1ff; width:300px;text-align:center;font-size:9pt" | '''Use and Handling:'''
+|-
+| colspan="1" style="background:aliceblue; width:150px;font-size:9pt;text-align:left"| '''Shelf Life:''' 30 months
+|colspan="1" style="background:aliceblue; width:150px;font-size:9pt;text-align:left" | '''Type:''' [[soluble]], [[clear]]
+|-
+|colspan="2"  style="background:aliceblue; width:300px;font-size:9pt;text-align:left" | '''When Opened:''' 6 weeks room temp.
+|-
+|colspan="2"  style="background:aliceblue; width:300px;font-size:9pt;text-align:left"| '''In Pen:''' 6 weeks room temp.
+|-
+|colspan="2" style="background:aliceblue; width:300px;font-size:9pt;text-align:left" | '''Notes:''' Protect from light and heat<br> Do Not Freeze,<br>May be used [[intravenously]]
 |}
+[[Image:actrapid.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Actrapid in 10 ml vial and 3 ml pen cartridge.]]
 <br clear=left>
 {|
@@ Line 51: / Line 42: @@
 |style="height:1px;border:0;" colspan="3"|
 |-valign="top"
-|style="padding:5px;border:2px solid #b9f1f0;background-color:#f0f8ff;" width="50%"|
+|style="padding:5px;border:2px solid #b9f1f0;background-color:#f0f8ff;" width="100%"|
 '''Note that some countries have the brand name in U40 strength.'''
 |}
-Novo Nordisk's brand of fast-acting insulin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://emc.medicines.org.uk/medicine/15204/XPIL/Actrapid/ |title=Patient Information Leaflet-Actrapid|publisher=Novo Nordisk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Scientific_Discussion/human/000424/WC500021655.pdf |title=Scientific Discussion-Actrapid|publisher=EMEA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080208084240/www.drgc.cwc.net/Care_pathway/Patient_information/Insulin/Novo_insulins.htm |title=Prescribing Novo Insulins}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://images1.wikia.nocookie.net/diabetesindogs/images/8/8d/Inshvialcmi6.pdf |title=Actrapid Information|publisher=Novo Nordisk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://medguides.medicines.org.uk/document.aspx?name=Actrapid&use=Diabetes&preparation=1&section=full |title=Actrapid|publisher=Medguides UK}}</ref>, known as [[Novolin R]] in North America<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.revolutionhealth.com/drugs-treatments/novolin-r |title=Novolin R|publisher=Revolution Health}}</ref>.
+Novo Nordisk's brand of fast-acting insulin, <ref>{{cite web|url=http://emc.medicines.org.uk/medicine/15204/XPIL/Actrapid/ |title=Patient Information Leaflet-Actrapid|publisher=Novo Nordisk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Scientific_Discussion/human/000424/WC500021655.pdf |title=Scientific Discussion-Actrapid|publisher=EMEA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080208084240/www.drgc.cwc.net/Care_pathway/Patient_information/Insulin/Novo_insulins.htm |title=Prescribing Novo Insulins}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://images1.wikia.nocookie.net/diabetesindogs/images/8/8d/Inshvialcmi6.pdf |title=Actrapid Information|publisher=Novo Nordisk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://medguides.medicines.org.uk/document.aspx?name=Actrapid&use=Diabetes&preparation=1&section=full |title=Actrapid|publisher=Medguides UK}}</ref> known as [[Novolin R]] in North America. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.revolutionhealth.com/drugs-treatments/novolin-r |title=Novolin R|publisher=Revolution Health}}</ref>
-Comparable insulins made by others are: [[Huminsulin Normal]], [[Humulin R]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.revolutionhealth.com/drugs-treatments/humulin-r |title=Humulin R Regular Human Insulin|publisher=Revolution Health}}</ref> and [[Humulin S]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://emc.medicines.org.uk/medicine/13402/XPIL/Humulin+S+100IU+ml+solution+for+injection+in+vial/ |title=Patient Information Leaflet-Humulin S|publisher=Eli Lilly}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080208084230/www.drgc.cwc.net/Care_pathway/Patient_information/Insulin/Humulin_S.htm |title=Humulin S Prescribing Information}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirediabetes.com/downloads/1071_LLY_Diabetes_RangeChar.pdf |title=Lilly EU/UK Product Sheet & Time Activity Profiles|publisher=Eli Lilly}}</ref> by [[Eli Lilly]], and [[Insuman Rapid]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://images2.wikia.nocookie.net/diabetesindogs/images/8/82/Insuman_Rapid_patient_info_leaflet.pdf |title=Patient Information Leaflet-InsumanRapid|publisher=Sanofi-Aventis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080208084235/www.drgc.cwc.net/Care_pathway/Patient_information/Insulin/Insuman_insulins.htm |title=Prescribing Insuman Insulins}}</ref> and [[Winthrop Rapid]], both by [[Aventis]].
+Comparable insulins made by others are: [[Huminsulin Normal]], [[Humulin R]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.revolutionhealth.com/drugs-treatments/humulin-r |title=Humulin R Regular Human Insulin|publisher=Revolution Health}}</ref> and [[Humulin S]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://emc.medicines.org.uk/medicine/13402/XPIL/Humulin+S+100IU+ml+solution+for+injection+in+vial/ |title=Patient Information Leaflet-Humulin S|publisher=Eli Lilly}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080208084230/www.drgc.cwc.net/Care_pathway/Patient_information/Insulin/Humulin_S.htm |title=Humulin S Prescribing Information}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirediabetes.com/downloads/1071_LLY_Diabetes_RangeChar.pdf |title=Lilly EU/UK Product Sheet & Time Activity Profiles|publisher=Eli Lilly}}</ref> by [[Eli Lilly]], and [[Insuman Rapid]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://images2.wikia.nocookie.net/diabetesindogs/images/8/82/Insuman_Rapid_patient_info_leaflet.pdf |title=Patient Information Leaflet-InsumanRapid|publisher=Sanofi-Aventis}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080208084235/www.drgc.cwc.net/Care_pathway/Patient_information/Insulin/Insuman_insulins.htm |title=Prescribing Insuman Insulins}}</ref> and [[Winthrop Rapid]], both by [[Aventis]].
-A [[short-acting]], soluble, non-suspended insulin produced from [[r-DNA/GE/GM]], [[bovine]], or [[porcine]] sources. Like all R or [[neutral]] insulins, nothing is added (suspensions) to alter the insulin's action or speed<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20061010214428/http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2003/18780scm078,slr067_Humalog_lbl.pdf FDA-Humulin R]</ref> From 1921 to the 1930's when PZI was developed, R was the only kind of insulin available.
+A [[short-acting]], soluble, non-suspended insulin produced from [[r-DNA/GE/GM]], [[bovine]], or [[porcine]] sources. Like all R or [[neutral]] insulins, nothing is added (suspensions) to alter the insulin's action or speed. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20061010214428/http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2003/18780scm078,slr067_Humalog_lbl.pd|publisher=Eli Lilly|title=Humulin R}}</ref> From 1921 to the 1930's when PZI was developed, R was the only kind of insulin available.
-While both R/neutral and [[semilente]] insulins are considered [[:Category:Fast-acting|fast-acting]], they differ in a few ways. As above, there's no [[suspension]] or buffer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.duc.auburn.edu/~deruija/insulin_preparations.pdf |title=Insulin Preparations-Regular Insulin|author=DeRuiter, Jack|publisher=Auburn University}}</ref> in R/neutral; it's totally dissolved and [[soluble]], meaning it can safely be used [[:Category:Intravenous_use_YES|intravenously]].
+While both R/neutral and [[semilente]] insulins are considered [[:Category:Fast-acting|fast-acting]], they differ in a few ways. As above, there's no [[suspension]] or buffer <ref name=Auburn>{{cite web|url=http://www.duc.auburn.edu/~deruija/insulin_preparations.pdf |title=Insulin Preparations-Regular Insulin|author=DeRuiter, Jack|publisher=Auburn University}}</ref> in R/neutral; it's totally dissolved and [[soluble]], meaning it can safely be used [[:Category:Intravenous_use_YES|intravenously]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology|author=Maddison, Jill E.,Page, Stephen W.,Church, David B.|year=2008|publisher=Saunders Ltd.|isbn=0702028584|page=510|url=http://www.amazon.com/Animal-Clinical-Pharmacology-Maddison-DipVetClinStud/dp/0702028584/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1296451134&sr=1-1}}</ref>
-The very small insulin particles in semilente insulin are suspended by [[Suspension#Zinc_suspension_insulins|zinc]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.duc.auburn.edu/~deruija/insulin_preparations.pdf |title=Insulin Preparations-Lente|author=DeRuiter, Jack|publisher=Auburn University}}</ref>. Semilente is [[cloudy]], has an acetate buffer and cannot be used [[:Category:Intravenous_use_NO|intravenously]].
+The very small insulin particles in semilente insulin are suspended by [[Suspension#Zinc_suspension_insulins|zinc]]. <ref name=Auburn>{{cite web|url=http://www.duc.auburn.edu/~deruija/insulin_preparations.pdf |title=Insulin Preparations-Lente|author=DeRuiter, Jack|publisher=Auburn University}}</ref> Semilente is [[cloudy]], has an acetate buffer and cannot be used [[:Category:Intravenous_use_NO|intravenously]].
-R/Neutral insulin cannot be reliably mixed with [[Lente]] or [[Ultralente]] insulins<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=abstractplus&db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=7192205 |title=Intermediate-Acting Insulin Preparations: NPH (Isophane) & Lente |year=1980|publisher=Diabetes Care}}<br>Note--in 1980, there was only [[bovine|beef]] Lente-type insulin--no [[porcine|pork]] or [[r-DNA/GE/GM]][[Lente]] insulins</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080526072116/http://www.diabetes.org/rg2005/insulin.jsp |title=Resource Guide |year=2005|publisher=American Diabetes Association}}</ref>. Semilente can; the ratio of 3 parts [[semilente]] insulin to 7 parts [[ultralente]] insulin produces [[Lente]] insulin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.duc.auburn.edu/~deruija/insulin_preparations.pdf |title=Insulin Preparations-Lente Insulin|author=DeRuiter, Jack|publisher=Auburn University}}</ref>.
+R/Neutral insulin cannot be reliably mixed with [[Lente]] or [[Ultralente]] insulins. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=abstractplus&db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=7192205 |title=Intermediate-Acting Insulin Preparations: NPH (Isophane) & Lente |year=1980|publisher=Diabetes Care}}<br>Note--in 1980, there were no [[r-DNA/GE/GM]] insulins </ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080526072116/http://www.diabetes.org/rg2005/insulin.jsp |title=Resource Guide |year=2005|publisher=American Diabetes Association}}</ref> Semilente can; the ratio of 3 parts [[semilente]] insulin to 7 parts [[ultralente]] insulin produces [[Lente]] insulin. <ref name=Auburn>{{cite web|url=http://www.duc.auburn.edu/~deruija/insulin_preparations.pdf |title=Insulin Preparations-Lente Insulin|author=DeRuiter, Jack|publisher=Auburn University}}</ref>
 ==R/Neutral Insulins==
@@ Line 79: / Line 70: @@
 ! width="200"align="center" style="background:aliceblue;"|
 [[Bovine]]/[[Beef]]
-!!width="300" align="center" style="background:ivory;"|[[Hypurin Bovine Neutral]], [[Insuvet Neutral]]<br>[[Betasint Bovine Corriente]]
+!!width="300" align="center" style="background:ivory;"|[[Hypurin Bovine Neutral]]<br> [[Betasint Bovine Corriente]]
 |-
 ! width="200"align="center" style="background:aliceblue;"|
 [[Bovine]]/[[Beef]]
-!!width="300" align="center" style="background:#dcdcdc"|[[Iletin R]] (No longer produced.)<br>[[Hypurin Vet Neutral]] (No longer produced.)
+!!width="300" align="center" style="background:#dcdcdc"|[[Iletin R]] (No longer produced.)<br>[[Hypurin Vet Neutral]] (No longer produced.)<br>[[Insuvet Neutral]] (No longer produced.)
 |-
 ! width="200"align="center" style="background:aliceblue;"|
@@ Line 99: / Line 90: @@
 ! width="200"align="center" style="background:aliceblue;"|
 [[R-DNA]]
-!!width="300" align="center" style="background:ivory;"|[[Actrapid]], [[Huminsulin Normal]]<br>[[Humulin C]],  [[Humulin R]]<br>[[Humulin Regular]], [[Humulina Regular]]<br>[[Humuline R]], [[Humuline Regular]]<br> [[Humulin S]],  [[Insuman Rapid]]<br>[[Novolin R]],  [[ReliOn/Novolin R]]<br>[[Umuline Rapide]], [[Umuline Regular]]<br> [[Winthrop Rapid]], [[Humulin ReliOn R]]
+!width="300" align="center" style="background:ivory;"|[[Actrapid]], [[Huminsulin Normal]]<br>[[Humulin C]],  [[Humulin R]]<br>[[Humulin Regular]], [[Humulina Regular]]<br>[[Humuline R]], [[Humuline Regular]]<br> [[Humulin S]],  [[Insuman Rapid]]<br>[[Novolin R]],  [[Umuline Rapide]]<br> [[Umuline Regular]],  [[Winthrop Rapid]]<br>[[Humulin ReliOn R]]
+|-
+!width="200" align="center" style="background:aliceblue;"|[[R-DNA]]
+!width="300" slign="center" style="background:#dcdcdc;"|[[ReliOn/Novolin R]] (No longer produced.)
 |}
 ==References==
+{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
-<references/>
@@ Line 109: / Line 104: @@
 *[http://images2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20100821055615/diabetesindogs/images/0/0a/NACDS_insulin_chart.pdf NACDS-Insulin Chart-Page 2]
 *[http://www.leedsth.nhs.uk/sites/diabetes/insular/InsulinGuide.php Leeds NHS UK-Insulin Guide]
-*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1687043/?page=1 Insulin therapy for dogs and cats] Dowling-Canadian Veterinary Journal-September 1995
+*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1687043/?page=1 Insulin therapy for dogs and cats] Dowling, Patricia, Canadian Veterinary Journal, September 1995<br>A discussion of regular/neutral/normal insulins.
+{|align="center" width="650"
-A discussion of regular/neutral/normal insulins.
+!||||Related Pages||
+|-
+|[[Image:Rtap.gif|120px]]
+|[[Image:HumilinLILLY.jpg|120px]]
+|[[Image:21944f.png|120px]]
+|[[Image:Rtap.gif|120px]]
+|[[Image:DSC02818.jpg|120px]]
+|-
+|<center>[[Humulin ReliOn R]]</center>
+|<center>[[Humulin R]]</center>
+|<center>[[Humulin S]]</center>
+|<center>[[Winthrop Rapid]]</center>
+|<center>[[Insuman Rapid]]</center>
+|}
+[[Category:GE R]]
 [[Category:Insulins]]
 [[Category:Novo Nordisk]]
@@ Line 119: / Line 129: @@
 [[Category:Meta-cresol]]
 [[Category:Content]]
+[[Category:Currently marketed insulins]]